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Clinical picture of a veiled chameleon
This is a case someone send me by e-mail and I believe is important to expose to the people this kind of pathology, I had the same problem on my Johnston's chameleon; this case is a Chameleon calyptratus that presented the same symptoms my Johnston developed
Question
Dr. I have a 2 year old male veiled that has developed some lumps around both carpal regions. The lumps are fairly large, the one on the left forelimb is solitary & consolidated, the one on the right appears larger and more like generalized swelling (it is older than the lump on the left, however). I took a radiograph of both limbs several months ago when the problem began, but could not see bony involvement (only soft tissue swelling). I did 3 weeks worth of oral Baytril but there was no observable change. I feel that the lumps are getting worse and am considering repeating x-rays and possibly surgical correction if indicated. My main rule-outs at this point are gout and abscess. Any suggestions as to further diagnostics or therapeutics? Thanks!
Answer
When you did X rays what you descried to me as soft tissue swelling sounded more like crystals deposits around the joint (periarticular gout) I could be wrong but I think we got to review the case together. There are two classifications of gout: primary (hyperuricemia) and secondary (chronic disease or a drug that interferes with normal balance between the production and excretion of uric acid) I'm afraid that you got a case of tophaceous gout which is the inability to excrete uric acid resulting in urate crystal deposits in cartilage, sinovial membranes, tendons, and soft tissue. The treatment could be orientated to lower the serum uric acid levels with antihyperuricemic drugs like allupurinol, or promote uric acid excretion with probenecid.
Allopurinol 20mg/kg, PO every 24hours
Probenecid 250mg/kg PO (increase as needed)
Diagnosis
The early ocular changes of the disease are confirmed to mild eye edema we also can confirm the disease by checking the clinical sings of eye problems and diet history. Histophatologic diagnosis at biopsy should rarely be required.
In reptiles, uric acid is cleared from the blood through the kidneys tubules, dehydratation does not impair tubule excretion, but lower ambient temperatures does decrease renal tubule function. So provide the chameleon with temperatures ranges of 80-84ºF
Unless a bacteria has developed resistance to enrofoxacin the 3-week treatment period of Baytril would've kill any microorganism. Please keep me informed bye. Dr.J
By Mauricio Flores (Dr. J) vet@reptilerepublic.com
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